In summary, the present study demonstrated that in complete responders of chronic hepatitis B undergoing Nucleos(t)ide analogues antiviral therapy, frequencies of Treg cells and Th17 cells and levels of IL-10, TGF-β1, IL-23 and IL-17 were all changed compared to the values before the treatment, which is related to HBV DNA decline and ALT normalization. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic hepatitis B virus infection.