VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: Some anti-angiogenic proteins produced by abnormal placenta are soluble endoglin (sEng) and the soluble vascular endothelial growth receptor-1 (sFlt-1), which induce endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting pro-angiogenic factors like placental growth factor (PIGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [25-28].