NPY and Anxiety: While Y1R has generally been shown to mediate many of the anxiolytic and anti-drinking effects of NPY (Schroeder et al., 2003; Karlsson et al., 2008; Bertocchi et al., 2011; Sparrow et al., 2012), Y2R has been shown to increase anxiety and alcohol consumption (Tschenett et al., 2003; Bacchi et al., 2006; Tasan et al., 2010; Sparrow et al., 2012).