CXCR3 and neoplasm: Explanations to the dual role of CXCL10 as both a tumour inhibitor and a tumour promoter can be many; the receptor CXCR3, for example, exists in three isoforms (CXCR3-A CXCR3-B and CXCR3-alt) with different outcomes upon activation, and the balance between the three could be of importance; structural properties of CXCL10 are thought to be significant for in vivo activity, and the effect of CXCL10 signalling is suggested to vary depending on whether the microenvironment or the tumour cells express the receptor [36, 48, 49].