TLR4 and inflammatory bowel disease: Mutations of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) genes are associated with an increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease due to bowl alterations such as changes in the bacterial load and translocation [6], whereas TLR-4 mutations in bone-marrow transplant patients are associated with an increased risk for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) [7].