MAPK8 and cancer: Indeed, taking advantage of the MKK7 and JNK1 fusion plasmid (MKK7-JNK1) engineered into a lenti-virus vector, which may activate JNK activity [39], we observed that artificial JNK activation rendered chemosensitive cancer cells K562 tolerant to Dox (Figure 6E), simultaneously increasing the Gli activity as reflected by QT-PCR analysis of the Gli1 expression (Figure 6F); while the negative control MKK7-JNK1(APF) for MKK7-JNK1 did not impact either the sensitivity of K562 cells to Dox (Figure 6E) or the expression of Gli1 at mRNA level (Figure 6F).