PPARA and Hyperglycemia: In addition, studies using HSCs cultured in vitro demonstrated that VEGFR inhibition decreased the expression levels of key proteins involved in PPARα-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling, indicating that the mechanisms by which VEGFR inhibition and hyperglycemia mediate nerve damage, and by which fenofibrate exerts a protective effect against this damage, require at least in part the same pathway.