In recent work from our extended group, an abnormally low frequency of CD28−CD8+ T cells express CD57 in HIV infection, and persistently low CD57 on CD28−CD8+ T cells during ART appears to predict increased mortality, suggesting that CD57 expression on effector CD8+ T cells may be different in HIV infection than in elderly HIV-uninfected individuals [data presented at the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 2013, Atlanta, GA, Abstract #309, Lee SA et al]. This evidence concerns the gene B3GAT1 and Opportunistic infection.