Using an IPA search for the top-ranked canonical pathways that are commonly responsible for autoimmunity and viral infection, “pattern recognition”-related genes, such as toll-like receptor (TLR), both expressed on the cell surface (TLR4) and intracellularly (TLR7), and DDX58 (DEAD [Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp] box polypeptide 58, alternatively called RIG-1) [26] were enriched in all cell types from patients with SLE and immunised ND, suggesting the existence of former viral responses in the disease history of the SLE patients. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.