Therefore, the identification of pathways involved in “TNFR1 signalling”, “TNFR2 signalling”, “IL-1 signalling”, “IL-6 signalling” and “IL-17 signalling”, especially in the CD16− monocytes from the SLE patients, supports the pathophysiological importance of IL-10 signalling events in SLE. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and systemic lupus erythematosus.