Unfolded PAELR is a substrate of E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, and accumulation of Pael-R in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of dopaminergic neurons is considered to induce ER stress leading to neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (Imai et al., 2002). The gene discussed is GPR37; the disease is Parkinson disease.