The observation that PBMCs obtained from both HIV-1- and HTLV-2-infected individuals activate STAT1 as a consequence of the spontaneous release of IFN-γ is supported by previous findings indicating an up-regulation of this cytokine following either HIV-1 or HTLV-2 infection (Dezzutti et al., 1998; Levine et al., 2002). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is HTLV-2 infection.