Given that iNKT cells are capable of producing a variety of different cytokines and chemokines including IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TNF, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β as well as having immunomodulatory effects via expression of CD40 and other costimulatory ligands [12], it is surprising that it is still unknown for most infections whether iNKT cells have a direct antimicrobial role. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is infection.