In a study performed by Liu et al., 31 elderly AML patients (aged 57–72) were treated with the HAG regimen (G-CSF 200 μg m-2, on days 1–14, HHT lmg m-2 on days 1–14, Ara-C 10 mg m-2, 1/12 h, on days 1–14), resulting in a CR rate of 58.1% and an OR rate of 80.6%, which were significantly higher than those (CR 32.4%; OR 55.9%) in the HA group (HHT 4 mg, on days 1–7, Ara-c 100 mg m-2, on days 1–7). Here, CSF3 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.