MCM5 and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Thus, p16INK4A expression is closely associated with high-risk HPV infection; MCM5 staining intensity is independent of high-risk HPV infection, highlighting its potential as a biomarker in both HPV dependent and independent cervical dysplasia, and CDC6 may be a biomarker of high-grade and invasive lesions of the cervix, with limited use in low-grade dysplasia.