In conclusion, miR-1 overexpression accelerated the shortening of AERP induced by A-TP in rabbits, and the knockdown of miR-1 reversed this shortening via the targeting K+ channel genes KCNE1 and KCNB2. These results suggest that miR-1 plays an important role in the ER of AF. This evidence concerns the gene KCNE1 and atrial fibrillation.