AR and urinary bladder cancer: Several recent experimental studies have demonstrated substantial interaction between the canonical Wnt-beta catenin signaling pathway and the androgen receptor or androgens, including androgen activation of beta-catenin signaling in bladder cancer cells [31] and improved liver histology from transplantation therapy with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in a murine liver cirrhosis model with use of therapies targeting the androgen receptor [32].