Jafari et al. demonstrated that active pulmonary TB can be confirmed rapidly with an ELISPOT assay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smear-negative setting, while another study on 36 patients with PF in an area with intermediate TB burden country (South Korea) suggested the PF T-SPOT.TB could be the most useful test among the interferon-gamma releasing assays [14,15]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.