IFIH1 and viral infectious disease: The IFIH1 gene, also known as melanome differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), is a functional candidate for T1DM because it encodes a cytosolic receptor that play a major role in the recognition of internal double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), an intermediate nucleic acid generated during the life cycle of most viruses [12], [14], suggesting a potential role in the infectious etiology of T1DM and providing a link between viral infections and this disease.