NFKB1 and viral infectious disease: In response to viral infections, the CARD domain of IFIH1 receptor associate with the CARD-containing adaptor molecule known as IPS-1 (IFN promoter stimulator-1), activating the transcription factors NF-κB and IRF-3, which then cooperate in induction of antiviral IFN-I response [12], [13], [38].