In addition, they show that COPD patients display a tendency to release higher levels of cytokines when stimulated with OM-85 alone or in combination with IFNγ or TNF-α, although this difference is statistically significant only in the case of IL-10 and CXCL8 for PBMC and IL-6 for MoDC (Figure 5). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.