HSPA5 and melanoma: Treatment of prostate cancer (1-LN, DU145) and melanoma cells (A375), which express GRP78 on the cell surface, with antibody directed against the C-terminal domain of GRP78, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating p53 and suppressing Ras/MAPK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways [14, 15].