EPO and anemia (phenotype): In patients with chronic kidneydisease, anemia due to reduced erythropoietinproduction eventually appears (1,4,5).Recombinant human erythropoietin has beenused for more than 20 years in chronic kidneydisease to recompense for reduced endogenouserythropoietin production (1,4,5,25).Recent investigations have pointed out thaterythropoietin administration improves kidneyfunctions in chronic kidney disease eitherdirectly or indirectly (17-24).