However,it is notable that various pieces of evidencesimply reflect the pleiotropic effects of erythropoietinonon the central nervous, cardiovascularsystem and on the kidney (18,20,25).In brief, clinical evidence shows the kidneyprotective potential of erythropoietin in patientswith chronic renal failure, however, additionalclinical investigations are crucial tooutline when to start erythropoietin treatmentand what is the optimal erythropoietin dosagefor slowing disease progression in patientswith chronic renal failure. Here, EPO is linked to chronic kidney disease.