Consumption of fructose at 25% of energy requirements for 10 weeks leads to increases of fasting as well as postprandial PAI-1, suggesting the possibility that prolonged consumption of fructose may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome via induction of prothrombotic (PAI-1) mediators besides proinflammatory cytokines [71]. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is metabolic syndrome.