As several phases of infection largely rely on cellular invasion, NLRs appear to be the ideal sensing mechanism for Salmonella. In vitro, Salmonella is sensed by NOD2 in cultured intestinal epithelial cells, which enables the control of intracellular bacteria though the induction of antimicrobial responses and autophagy (66–68), and by NOD1 in bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells, resulting in nitric oxide production (69). The gene discussed is NOD1; the disease is infection.