VDR and breast carcinoma: They showed that in human breast cancer cells with similar levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression 1,25D treatment induces profound changes in phenotype (i.e., morphology, cytoarchitecture, size), proliferation, sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, adhesiveness, migration, invasion, and the expression of marker genes associated with the inhibition of myoepithelial characteristics and with decreased malignancy.