The observed upregulation of cap-dependent translation factors prior to 24 h after infection but dephosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 at 24 and 48 h [211], as well as the observation of cap-dependent translation of a flavivirus genome when eIF4E was abundant but cap-independent translation when eIF4E levels were low [212], suggests the possibility that the viral RNA may switch to a cap-independent translation mechanism at later times of infection. The gene discussed is EIF4E; the disease is infection.