EDN1 and diabetes mellitus: [13] Multiple mitogenic signaling pathways [(e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), Janus kinase (Jak)] and pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family have been implicated in the regulation of ET-1 expression. [14]–[16] However, the precise molecular pathways responsible for increased ET-1 level in diabetes are not totally deciphered.