PRKAA1 and metabolic disease: Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, as well as phytochemicals/nutraceuticals like resveratrol, curcumin, glabridin and berberine act as AMPK activators and exhibit beneficial effects on metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance [7], [11], [18]–[24].