ID2 and Alzheimer disease: Treatment of Id2-suppressed AD cells with 1D11 (TGFβ neutralizing antibody) or LY2109761 (TGFβ type I/II receptor inhibitor) induced remarkable apoptosis (+615% by 1D11 and +553% by LY2109761, see Figure 7A,B) and blocked the phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 (Figure 7C).