We found that subjects with the MDM2 309TT and TP53 Pro/Pro genotype, MDM2 309 TG and TP53 Arg/Pro genotype, and MDM2 309 GG and TP53 Pro/Pro genotype present significantly increased risk of developing HCC as compared with the reference MDM2 309TT and TP53 Arg/Arg genotype. The gene discussed is MDM2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.