TLR2 and infection: During Schistosoma japonicum infection, TLR2, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on DCs were persistently upregulated till 6 weeks after infection in wild-type mice (Fig. 3 & Fig. 4), whereas TLR2 deficiency results in decreased PD-L2 expression on DCs at 6 weeks after infection (Fig. 4B).