PDP1 and Anxiety: The key findings of this study are (1) animal exposure to the repeated stress or mTBI alone resulted in an early and short term increase in anxiety and impaired memory, (2) these symptoms persisted for a long time in animals with combined stress and mTBI, and (3) abnormal mitochondrial ETC and PDH enzyme expressions in different parts of the brain were seen in all animals with stress with or without brain injury confirming the altered cellular metabolic pathways due to stress or mTBI (44, 45).