2001). This host protein is a transcription factor which is phosphorylated during infection and then directed toward the nucleus to activate the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (Djamei et al. 2007). In the nucleus, VIP1 binds to promoters of genes with a VIP1-responsive element (VRE), which leads to their transcription (Lacroix and Citovsky 2013). This evidence concerns the gene PPIP5K1 and infection.