These results indicated that the hypermethylation of the DMRs, especially for INPP5Fv2-DMR, RB1-DMR, and GNASXL-DMR, was a specific event for tumor development; this suggested that the pre-cancerous cells did not carry hypermethylation at the DMRs, but acquired the aberrant methylation during tumor development. Here, GNAS is linked to neoplasm.