VCAM1 and diabetes mellitus: Kim et al. [59] recently showed that treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) with a 1 : 1 : 1 mixture of ginseng root, mulberry leaf water extract, and banana leaf water extract (6 g/d) for 24 weeks significantly decreased plasma intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels.