Further studies will be needed to determine the role of Sirt3 on vascular function; a reassessment of putative effects on atherosclerosis using gain-of-function studies, in the absence of a high-caloric diet, and an extended analysis of the metabolic phenotype of Sirt3 on a wild-type background and chow diet will shed further light on the putative protective roles of Sirt3 in vascular health and disease. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT3 and atherosclerosis.