Moreover, the large discrepancy between IE GrB + infiltrates (median 3) and the cumulative number of intraepithelial immune effectors (median 2 for IE CD56+ and median 19 for IE CD8+ infiltrates) recently described by our group for this cohort [14] could suggest that the cytolytic power of the immune system has been lost outside rather than inside cancer nests. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is cancer.