The fact that several studies found an association between susceptibility to leishmaniasis and polymorphisms in the SLC11A1 gene, which codes for a transmembrane transporter of iron and other divalent metals, as mentioned before (Altet et al., 2002; Bucheton et al., 2003; Sanchez-Robert et al., 2008; Blackwell et al., 2009; Castellucci et al., 2010) and, on the other hand, the generalized association between leishmaniasis and malnutrition (Maciel et al., 2008; McCall et al., 2013) are indirect evidences that the host iron status may influence the outcome of the Leishmania infection. This evidence concerns the gene SLC11A1 and leishmaniasis.