BRAF and colorectal carcinoma: In CRC, BRAF mutations are reported to occur more frequently in cases characterized by the presence of a defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system resulting in microsatellite instability (MSI)[9-11]; this seems to be due to hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation (sporadic CRC) and not to germ-line alterations (hereditary CRC)[12,13].