Some of the characteristics of the rod-like microglia observed herein, such as morphological features, their relationship with axons but not with blood vessels, or their expression of known activation markers (MHC-II, CD68) coincide with those reported under many neuropathological and experimental conditions including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and encephalitis [22]. Here, CD68 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.