Interactions between IGFs and IGFBP-3 that regulate intraprostate IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels as well as IGF-1R levels most probably lay in the basis of the observed correlations and our findings further support the pivotal role of IGFBP-3 in the molecular pathophysiology of BPH. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.