In this study administration of TNF-α to NOD mice was shown to decrease the number of CD8 DC, increase the CD11b DC population, and the DC had a more mature phenotype and activated islet-specific T cells (77) A recent study describing the depletion of Treg in NOD mice showed that the increase in diabetes in these animals was associated with aggressive infiltration of pancreatic islets by DC rather than CD4 T cells (78). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and diabetes mellitus.