FOXO3 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Among the non-histone protein substrates, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1-α; Cantó and Auwerx, 2009) and the forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcription factor (Zhao et al., 2011b) are two of the most studied, and their relation to ALS will be discussed below.