HDAC9 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), another pan-HDAC inhibitor, was shown to extend survival and motor performance in the transgenic ALS SOD1 animal model, and these effects were attributed to an upregulation in the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), the active form of the inhibitory subunit of NF-κB (i-κB) and of beta cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) proteins, all involved in survival and stress responses (Ryu et al., 2005).