Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening acute complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), characterized by a biochemical triad of hyperglycaemia, ketonaemia (ketonuria) and acidaemia.1 DKA is caused by a decrease in effective circulating insulin associated with elevations in counterregulatory hormones [1, 2]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.