INS and Insulin resistance: In the major target tissues of insulin, changes in the concentration of calcium may impair the insulin signaling and the function of glucose transporter-4, which leads to peripheral insulin resistance.11 Lee et al.12 also confirmed that 1, 25-(OH)2D3 decreased the formation of fat and reduced insulin resistance in peripheral tissues through directly suppressing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protein and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.