INS and Insulin resistance: In patients with T1D and T2D, 2 h urine C-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) is highly correlated with 90 min serum C-peptide in the standard Mixed Meal Tolerance Test.13, 14 We have also shown that in patients with T2D and mild chronic kidney disease (CKD), the correlation between serum C-peptide and urine is maintained.15 As fasting serum insulin or C-peptide alone is a helpful marker of insulin resistance in people without diabetes, it may be that UCPCR could also be used in this manner.