VHL and renal cell carcinoma: Indeed, lack of pVHL protein confers RCC cell resistance to the cytotoxic effects of TNF, which is restored upon reconstitution of the VHL protein, with a concordant expression of NFκB target anti-apoptotic genes such as A20, c-FLIP, Survivin, c-IAP-1, and cIAP-2, blocking the activities of caspases-8 and -3 [81].