KEAP1 and neoplasm: NRF2 also promotes tumor cell survival by limiting levels of damaging ROS and constitutive activation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway has been detected in human cancers, either through activating mutations in NRF2 or through inactivating mutations in KEAP1 (308–310) and activation of NRF2 is associated with poor prognosis and therapy resistance (311).