TNF and Insulin resistance: Subsequently, the inflamed adipose tissue secretes inflammatory molecules into the blood stream, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [6], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [7,8] and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [9,10] that are thought to promote insulin resistance in the adipose, muscle, liver and pancreatic beta cells [11-16].