Infection of MH-S cells with increasing pathogen dose (0.001 through 1000 MOI) for 1 hour upregulated the total p38 and JNK levels and efficiently phosphoactivated JNK and p38 in a dose-dependent manner, as evident from the immunoblots obtained using total- and phospho- p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) and total- and phospho-JNK( Thr183/Tyr185) specific antibodies (Fig 7A and B). The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is infection.