Pathways relevant to muscle development that were affected by folate deficiency include the TGF-beta signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle in the piglets from the LR♂ × LW♀ cross (Table 3), Jak-STAT signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and cell adhesion molecules in the piglets from the LW♂ × LR♀ cross (Table 4), and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling and MAPK signaling pathways in the piglets from both the LR♂ × LW♀ and the LW♂ × LR♀ crosses (Table 3 and 4). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is folate deficiency.